Here's a little age chart reference for the lions shown in TLK
Newborn - a cub that is a few days old, opened its eyes. Still has baby spots. Can't talk. Example - Simba at the begining of TLK, Fluffy
Young cubs - I still a baby, probably can't or is begining to talk. No baby spots and is becoming to have more individual features. Example - Kiara at the begining on SP, cubs in Royal Duties comic.
Cub - A typical lion kid. Examples: Simba, Kiara
Older cub - Not much older than just a cub, but males are starting to gown a mane. Though mane growth can vary on genetics and life condition. Example: Young Kovu, Kion.
Teenager - Much bigger, starts to look more as an adult but still not as big as an adult. Males starting to grow more mane on the back, chest and head. Examples: Nuka, Simba in Hakuna Matata
Young adult - A litle smaller than an adult. Mane is not fully grown yet and it's not covering the chest. Example: Kovu, Ni, Mufasa and Scar in SNA.
Adult - A fully gown lion. Examples: Scar, Simba, Mufasa.